Sahara sun could power all of Europe

European countries could transform their electricity supplies within a decade by investing in a giant network of solar panels in the Sahara desert, an expert told the global warming conference. Anthony Patt, of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Africa, said some £50 billion of government investment was needed over the next decade to make the scheme a reality. That would convince private companies that power from the Sahara was both feasible and an attractive investment, he said. In the long term, such a plan, combined with strings of wind farms along the north African coast, could "supply Europe with all the energy it needs." He said technological advances combined with falling costs had made it realistic to consider north Africa as Europe's main source of imported energy. "The sun is very strong there and it's very reliable. There is starting to be a growing number of cost estimates of both wind and concentrated solar power for north Africa... that start to compare favourably with alternative technologies. The cost of moving [electricity] long distances has really come down." He said only a fraction of the Sahara, probably the size of a small country, would need to be covered to produce enough energy to supply the whole of Europe. The results are the first findings of a major research effort, together with experts at the European Climate Forum and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, to judge whether such a Sahara solar plan is realistic. Dr. Patt said the team was looking at questions of security and governance, as well as ways to pay for the technology. The full results will be presented to governments this year. He said sunshine in the Sahara was twice as strong as in Spain and was a constant resource rarely blocked by clouds, even in winter. The scheme would use mirrors to focus the sun's rays on to a thin pipe containing either water or salt. The rays would boil the water or melt the salt and the resulting energy would power turbines. Unlike wind power, which usually has to be used immediately because of the cost of storing the electricity generated, the hot water and salt can be stored for several hours. Trials of such concentrated solar power plants are planned for Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and Dubai, but Libya and Tunisia could also be considered. Dr. Patt said starting such a scheme would not be all plain sailing. There would probably be opposition from local communities across Europe unhappy about transmission cables installed near their homes. Piecemeal national transmission networks could also pose a problem.

 

The Hindu, 13th March 2009